Steganography is the technique of hiding a message or file inside another one that looks harmless, such as an image, audio file or document, so no one notices it is there. Unlike encryption, which makes content unreadable, steganography hides that anything exists; attackers use it to slip in malware or sneak data out undetected.
Related term in this glossary: Encryption
hidden messages, digital steganography, data hiding
Related terms
Secure data erasure
Secure data erasure is the removal of information from drives, phones or servers so it cannot be recovered, even with forensic tools, for example by overwriting the media, using cryptographic erase or physically destroying it, following standards such as NIST SP 800-88. It is essential before selling, recycling or returning equipment, because deleting files or formatting is not enough.
Data breach notification
Data breach notification is the legal obligation to inform affected people, and in some cases regulators, when their personal data is exposed in a security incident. The notice must explain what happened, which data was affected and what steps to take, within the deadlines set by each applicable law, such as US state breach notification laws, HIPAA or GDPR.
Dark web monitoring
Dark web monitoring is the continuous search of underground forums, markets and channels for a company's stolen information, such as employee credentials, databases or network access up for sale. Catching it early lets you reset passwords and revoke access before it is used in an attack.
BitLocker (disk encryption)
BitLocker is the built-in Windows feature that encrypts a computer's entire drive, so if the device is stolen or lost no one can read its data without the recovery key. It is included in Windows Pro and Enterprise, and businesses should turn it on and store recovery keys centrally.
Data governance
Data governance is the set of policies, roles and processes that define who is responsible for each piece of data in a company, how it is classified, who can use it and how long it is kept. It makes information reliable, secure and compliant, and it is the foundation for analytics and AI projects.
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